Cells throughout your body rely on oxygen to function, and this vital oxygen is transported by red blood cells. When the number of red blood cells in your body is low, a condition known as anemia develops. This reduced oxygen delivery can lead to feelings of weakness and fatigue. Doctors often look for symptoms like pale skin, shortness of breath, chest pain, and headaches when diagnosing anemia. Blood tests are crucial in confirming the diagnosis.
What is the Connection Between Cancer and Anemia?
Anemia is frequently observed in individuals diagnosed with cancer. Cancer itself can trigger inflammation within the body, which in turn disrupts and decreases the production of red blood cells. Furthermore, a significant number of chemotherapy treatments are myelosuppressive. This means they have the effect of slowing down the bone marrow’s ability to generate new blood cells, further contributing to anemia.
Kidney health also plays a crucial role in red blood cell production. The kidneys produce a hormone that signals the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. If cancer affects the kidneys directly, such as in cases of kidney cancer, or if cancer treatment impacts kidney function, anemia can develop as a consequence.
Blood loss due to bleeding is another potential cause of anemia in cancer patients.
How is Anemia in Cancer Patients Treated?
Regardless of the underlying cause, the primary approaches to treating anemia are generally consistent.
Blood transfusions are a direct method to increase red blood cell count in patients. However, these are typically administered only when necessary due to potential risks and side effects.
Another treatment option involves erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). These medications work by stimulating the body to produce more red blood cells. However, the use of ESAs is carefully considered. They are typically prescribed for patients undergoing chemotherapy specifically intended to extend survival and enhance quality of life, rather than for curative treatments. Additionally, these medications are generally considered for patients who are scheduled to receive at least two more cycles of such chemotherapy.
