The question of whether Asperger Syndrome is still a diagnosis is common, especially given its historical recognition. To clarify, Asperger Syndrome is no longer officially recognized as a distinct diagnosis in the current diagnostic manuals used by medical and mental health professionals. This change primarily stems from the evolving understanding of autism and the need for more precise and inclusive diagnostic criteria.
The primary reason for this shift is the significant overlap between Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly what was previously known as high-functioning autism or now ASD level 1. The characteristics associated with Asperger’s, such as difficulties in social interaction and restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests, are also core features of ASD. Experts found it increasingly challenging to reliably differentiate Asperger’s from other forms of autism based on distinct criteria.
According to Dolly Ferraiuolo, a licensed clinical social worker, the removal of Asperger’s as a separate diagnosis was driven by research highlighting the substantial overlap between Asperger’s and other autism presentations. This move towards a unified diagnosis aimed to reduce confusion and ensure more consistent and accurate diagnoses.
The shift culminated with the release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in 2013. This edition marked a significant change by removing Asperger Syndrome as a standalone diagnosis and incorporating it under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The DSM-5 consolidated previous categories, including Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and others, into ASD.
Instead of distinct subtypes, the DSM-5 introduced levels of severity within ASD to indicate the level of support an individual might need. These levels range from Level 1, requiring support, to Level 3, requiring very substantial support. This approach focuses on the spectrum nature of autism and acknowledges the wide range of presentations and support needs.
Dr. Jessica Myszak, a psychologist and director at the Help and Healing Center, points out that while diagnostic clarity was the main impetus for change, the timing coincided with growing awareness of the controversial history of Hans Asperger, after whom the syndrome was named. Learning about Asperger’s involvement as a Nazi collaborator during World War II added another layer to the discussion surrounding the diagnostic label.
Furthermore, many in the neurodiversity community believe that the diagnostic shift from Asperger’s to ASD promotes greater inclusion and unity. By moving away from separate labels, it helps to dismantle the misconception that autism is inherently linked to low intelligence. Lacey Cottingham, a licensed clinical social worker, notes that retaining Asperger’s as a separate category may have inadvertently perpetuated a division and reinforced negative stereotypes about autism.
In conclusion, while Asperger Syndrome is no longer a formal diagnosis, the characteristics previously associated with it are now understood within the broader context of Autism Spectrum Disorder. This change reflects a deeper understanding of autism as a spectrum and aims to foster greater clarity, inclusivity, and reduce stigma within the neurodiversity community. The focus now is on understanding an individual’s specific needs and providing appropriate support within the ASD framework, rather than relying on outdated and potentially divisive labels.
