Understanding the early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial for parents and caregivers. Recognizing developmental milestones and potential indicators of autism can pave the way for timely intervention and support. While not every child with autism will exhibit all signs, most will display several, highlighting the importance of professional evaluation. It’s also worth noting that some behaviors may be present in children without ASD, but in those with ASD, these behaviors often impact daily life significantly.
Early Signs of Autism in Babies
Identifying potential signs of autism in babies can be an early step towards diagnosis and support. Here are some indicators to observe in infants:
By 6 Months
- Limited joyful expressions: A noticeable lack of big smiles or other warm, engaging facial expressions.
- Reduced eye contact: Infrequent or absent eye contact during interactions.
By 9 Months
- Lack of reciprocal interaction: Minimal or no back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or facial expressions between the baby and caregiver.
Early Signs of Autism in Toddlers
As children grow into toddlers, different developmental milestones become relevant. Here are some signs of autism that may become apparent in toddlers:
By 12 Months
- Delayed babbling: Little to no babbling or vocal play.
- Limited use of gestures: Few or no back-and-forth gestures like pointing, showing objects, reaching, or waving.
- Lack of name response: Minimal or no response when their name is called.
By 16 Months
- Speech delays: Very few or no words spoken.
By 24 Months
- Limited phrase speech: Very few or no meaningful two-word phrases, excluding imitation or repetition.
Autism Signs at Any Age
Certain signs of autism can be observed across different age groups. These behaviors are not limited to babies or toddlers and can be indicators at any stage of development:
- Regression of skills: Loss of previously acquired speech, babbling, or social abilities.
- Eye contact avoidance: Consistently avoiding making eye contact.
- Preference for solitude: A persistent preference for being alone and difficulty engaging with peers.
- Difficulty understanding feelings: Challenges in recognizing and understanding emotions in others.
- Language delays: Slower than expected development of language skills.
- Echolalia: Persistent repetition of words or phrases.
- Insistence on sameness: Resistance to minor changes in routines or surroundings, showing a need for predictability.
- Restricted interests: Having very narrow and intense interests.
- Repetitive motor behaviors: Engaging in repetitive movements like flapping hands, rocking the body, or spinning.
- Sensory sensitivities: Unusual and intense reactions to sensory input such as sounds, smells, tastes, textures, lights, or colors.
Understanding the Age of Autism Diagnosis
The age at which autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed can vary significantly. While some children exhibit early signs within the first year of life, for others, these signs may not become noticeable until 24 months or later. It’s important to note that some children with ASD may develop typically until around 18 to 24 months before they stop gaining new skills or even lose previously acquired ones.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends universal autism screening for all children at 18 and 24 months of age. These screenings are in addition to regular developmental and behavioral assessments performed during well-child visits at 9, 18, and 30 months. Research indicates that autism can be reliably diagnosed by age 2 by experienced professionals. Early diagnosis is crucial as it opens the door to early intervention services, which can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism.
If you have concerns about your child’s development, it is essential to seek professional advice. Consulting with your pediatrician or a specialist can provide clarity and guidance. Early intervention can make a significant difference in the lives of children with autism spectrum disorder.
