If you have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or a pacemaker, it’s important to be aware of devices and machinery that could potentially interfere with their function. These medical devices are designed to regulate your heartbeat, and electromagnetic waves from certain external sources can disrupt their operation. Understanding these potential risks and taking precautions can help ensure your device works correctly and protects your health.
Your healthcare provider is your best resource for personalized advice on specific devices to avoid. However, this guide provides general information about common sources of electromagnetic interference.
Anti-theft Systems (Electronic Article Surveillance – EAS)
Anti-theft systems, often found at store exits, use electromagnetic fields to detect security tags. While brief encounters with these systems are generally low risk for most patients, prolonged or close proximity should be avoided.
- Minimize your time near EAS systems. Don’t linger longer than necessary when passing through store exits.
- Be aware of hidden EAS systems. These systems are often discreetly placed near exits, so be mindful as you approach and leave stores.
- Avoid direct contact. Do not lean against or stand directly next to the sensors of anti-theft systems.
Alt text: A person walking through an Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) system at the exit of a retail store.
Security Metal Detectors
Similar to anti-theft systems, metal detectors used for security screening generate electromagnetic fields. Brief interactions, such as walking through airport security, pose minimal risk to most individuals with ICDs or pacemakers.
- Pass through quickly. Do not stand unnecessarily close to metal detectors for extended periods.
- Avoid leaning on the detector. Refrain from leaning against the metal detector frame or structure.
- Request alternative screening if needed. If a handheld metal detector is required, inform security personnel about your ICD or pacemaker and request a pat-down search instead. If a handheld wand is used, ask them to minimize the time it’s held near your device.
For detailed guidelines on traveling with implanted devices, refer to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) advisory page.
Cellphones
The radiofrequency energy emitted by cellphones is generally considered a low risk to ICDs and an even lower risk to pacemakers. However, it’s still wise to take precautions, especially with evolving mobile technology.
- Maintain distance. Keep your cellphone at least 6 inches away from your ICD or pacemaker.
- Use the opposite ear. When making calls, use the phone on the ear furthest from your device’s implant site.
- Avoid chest pockets. Do not carry your cellphone in a front chest pocket, particularly near your implanted device.
- Inquire about wireless devices. If you use walkie-talkies or Bluetooth headsets, consult your doctor about their safe use. Newer cellular frequencies are being developed and the wireless industry is continuously evaluating any potential impact on implanted devices.
Alt text: An individual using a cellphone, demonstrating the recommended practice of holding the phone to the ear opposite the side of their implanted device to maintain distance.
Headphones
Many headphones, both earbuds and over-ear types, contain magnets that can potentially interfere with ICDs and pacemakers if in close proximity.
- Keep headphones at a safe distance. Maintain at least 6 inches of separation between headphones and your implanted device.
- Avoid chest contact. Do not allow someone wearing headphones to rest their head on your chest.
- Pocket placement. Do not place headphones in a breast pocket.
- Neck placement. Avoid draping headphones around your neck where they might hang directly over your chest.
Radios
Citizen’s band (CB) radios and amateur “ham” radios operate at frequencies that could affect ICDs more than pacemakers. The risk level depends on the radio’s power output.
- Low power radios (under 3 watts): Maintain at least 6 inches of distance from your ICD.
- Medium power radios (3-15 watts): Keep a distance of at least 12 inches from your ICD.
- High power radios (15-30 watts): Ensure a separation of at least 2 feet from your device.
Pacemakers are generally less susceptible to interference from CB and ham radios, but maintaining a safe distance is still a good practice.
Power-Generating and Welding Equipment, Jumper Cables
Heavy-duty equipment like power generators, arc welders, and even car jumper cables can produce strong electromagnetic fields.
- Follow professional advice. Adhere to your healthcare provider’s specific instructions regarding these types of equipment.
- Maintain a safe distance. Generally, staying at least 2 feet away from such equipment is advisable.
Magnets
Strong magnetic fields can directly impact the function of both ICDs and pacemakers. Magnets can temporarily inhibit the pulse generators and, in the case of ICDs, may inadvertently trigger a switch that prevents the device from delivering life-saving shocks.
- Avoid magnets and magnetic fields. Minimize close or prolonged exposure to magnets.
- Maintain distance. Keep magnets at least 6 inches away from your implant site.
- Be cautious of unknown magnets. Be mindful of machinery or devices that might contain magnets, even if not immediately apparent. If you experience any sensation of interference, move away from the potential source.
- Avoid magnetic therapy. Steer clear of magnetic bracelets, necklaces, pillows, and mattress pads that are marketed for therapeutic purposes, as these can pose a risk to your device.
Alt text: A visual representation showing a hand holding a magnet at a distance from the chest area, indicating the recommended separation for individuals with implanted cardiac devices.
Ab Stimulators and Electronic Body Fat Scales
These devices use electrical currents that are likely to interfere with the operation of both ICDs and pacemakers.
- Avoid use. It is generally recommended to avoid using ab stimulators and electronic body fat scales if you have an implanted device.
Gas-Powered Equipment and Gasoline Ignition Systems
Components in the ignition systems of gasoline engines can, in some instances, generate electromagnetic interference.
- Maintain distance from ignition systems. If you have an ICD, keep at least 12 inches away from the ignition system components of vehicles and other gas-powered equipment.
- Car keys are safe. Starting your car with the key is safe as the ignition components are sufficiently distant from the front seats.
Portable Car Battery Chargers
Similar to car ignition systems, portable car battery chargers also involve electrical components that can produce interference.
- Maintain distance. When using a portable car battery charger, ensure that the components are kept at least 12 inches away from your implanted device.
Electric Fences and Electrical Pet Containment Systems
These systems generate electromagnetic fields to contain animals. Proximity and duration of exposure are key factors in potential interference.
- Limit exposure. Minimize or avoid prolonged exposure to electric fences and pet containment systems.
- Consult your doctor. If your work or lifestyle involves regular exposure to these systems, discuss safety precautions with your healthcare provider.
- Avoid transformer boxes. Maintain distance from electrical transformer boxes as they emit electromagnetic fields that can interfere with ICDs and pacemakers.
Medical Alert Systems and Fall Detection Pendants
The potential for interference from medical alert systems varies depending on the specific product.
- Contact your provider. Reach out to your medical alert system provider’s customer support to inquire about any potential risks to your pacemaker or ICD.
Medical Procedures That May Pose a Risk
Certain medical, diagnostic, and cosmetic procedures carry a higher risk of interfering with ICDs and pacemakers. It’s crucial to inform medical professionals about your implanted device before undergoing any procedure.
Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
ESWL is a non-invasive treatment for kidney stones using hydraulic shock waves.
- ICD patients: Consult your doctor. If you have an ICD and require ESWL, discuss the procedure and necessary precautions with your healthcare provider beforehand.
- Pacemaker patients: Evaluation may be needed. Pacemaker patients may be eligible for ESWL, but device evaluation and reprogramming before and after treatment may be required. Post-treatment follow-up is essential to ensure continued proper function.
- Abdominal pacemakers: Potential contraindication. Patients with pacemakers implanted in the abdomen may need to avoid ESWL. Discuss all aspects with your doctor.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI uses strong magnetic fields for detailed internal imaging.
- Generally contraindicated. Traditionally, MRI scans have been contraindicated for patients with ICDs and pacemakers due to the metal components and strong magnetic fields.
- Device-specific considerations. Some newer implanted devices are labeled as “MR-conditional,” meaning MRI scans are possible under specific conditions.
- Consult your doctor. Always discuss MRI needs with your healthcare provider to evaluate the risks and benefits based on your specific device.
- Inform MRI technicians. Always alert MRI staff about your implanted device before undergoing an MRI.
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) or Microwave Ablation
Ablation procedures treat arrhythmias by delivering energy to heart tissue via a catheter.
- ICD patients: Discuss risks. If you have an ICD and require ablation, consult your healthcare professional about potential risks.
- Pacemaker evaluation. If you have a pacemaker and ablation is necessary, your device may need evaluation and reprogramming before and after the procedure due to potential radiofrequency interference. Studies suggest most pacemakers are not significantly affected.
High-Frequency, Short-Wave or Microwave Diathermy for Physical Therapy
Diathermy uses electromagnetic waves for physical therapy.
- Generally not recommended. One type of diathermy is generally not recommended for individuals with ICDs or pacemakers due to the potential for damage to the pulse generator.
- Consult your doctor. Always discuss diathermy with your healthcare provider before undergoing this type of therapy.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy for cancer treatment can damage the circuitry of ICDs and pacemakers.
- ICDs more sensitive. ICDs are more susceptible to radiation damage than pacemakers.
- Shielding recommended. If radiation therapy is necessary for ICD patients, shielding the device from radiation is crucial.
- Device relocation possible. In some cases, device relocation may be considered if it lies directly within the radiation field.
- Cumulative risk. The risk of damage increases with cumulative radiation exposure.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
TENS uses electrical signals to manage pain.
- ICD patients: Precautions needed. TENS may be acceptable for ICD patients with specific precautions, depending on the type of ICD. TENS on the torso is generally not recommended.
- Pacemaker patients: Generally low risk. TENS is generally considered low risk for pacemaker patients, especially bipolar pacing systems. Unipolar pacing may experience temporary interference, potentially resolved by reprogramming.
- Consult your doctor. Always discuss TENS therapy with your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
CT and CAT Scans
Computed tomography (CT) or computed axial tomography (CAT) scans use X-rays to create detailed images.
- Low risk for ICDs. The risk of interference from CT/CAT scans with ICDs is extremely low.
- No known risk for pacemakers. X-rays used in CT/CAT scans do not appear to interfere with pacemakers.
- Inform technicians. Always inform imaging technicians about your implanted device before undergoing a CT or CAT scan.
Electrocauterization
Electrocauterization is used to stop bleeding during surgery.
- Benefit-risk assessment needed. If you have an ICD and require electrocauterization, carefully weigh the benefits and risks with your healthcare professional.
- Precautions possible. The procedure may be performed safely with certain precautions.
Electrolysis
Electrolysis is used for hair or tissue removal.
- ICD patients: Consult your doctor. ICD patients should consult their healthcare provider before undergoing electrolysis.
- Manufacturer recommendations. Device manufacturers may have specific recommendations for electrolysis procedures.
- Medical note may be required. Electrolysis providers may request a note from your healthcare professional before proceeding with treatment for ICD patients.
Devices Posing Little to No Risk
Most common household appliances and electronics do not significantly affect ICDs and pacemakers. While rare, some devices might cause a momentary disruption in pacemakers, which quickly resolves.
- Maintain general distance. As a precaution, try to keep motors and antennas of these devices at least 6 inches away from your device.
- Consult your doctor for concerns. If you have specific concerns about any device, discuss them with your healthcare provider.
Household Appliances and Electronics
- Electric shavers
- Electric blankets
- Heating pads
- E-readers
- Electronic tablets
- Microwave ovens
- Kitchen appliances (mixers, blenders, toasters, coffeemakers)
- Ionized air filters
- Computers
- AM/FM radios
- TV transmitters and remotes
- Home wireless devices (modems, routers, headsets)
- Video game wireless controllers
- TV and stereo speakers
- Bluetooth® wireless technology (including headsets)
- Hair dryers
- Irons
- Handheld back massagers
- Electronic weight scales
Garage, Shop and Lawn Equipment
- Garage door openers
- Hedge trimmers
- Weed trimmers
- Leaf blowers
- Electric lawn mowers
- Electric drills (cordless included)
- Power saws, routers, and sanders
- Laser levels
- Stud finders
- Light metalworking tools (soldering irons)
- Keyless entry car remotes
- Battery-powered flashlights
- Recreational metal detectors (stay 2 feet from the detector head)
- GPS devices
- Radio-controlled toys and devices
Office Machinery and Electronics
- Computers
- Printers and scanners
- Photocopiers
- Security badge scanners
Other Low-Risk Devices
- Salon-style hair dryers
- Tanning beds
- Hot tubs
- Casino slot machines
- Massage chairs and pads
- Low voltage power lines (residential areas)
Medical Procedures with Limited Risk
Several medical procedures are generally safe for individuals with ICDs or pacemakers when precautions are taken. Always discuss potential risks with your healthcare provider beforehand.
- Heart rate monitor
- Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
- Echocardiogram (Echo)
- Acupuncture (with or without electrical stimulus)
- Ultrasound diagnostic imaging
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- Elective cardioversion
- Stereotaxis
- Dental ultrasonic scalers, cleaners, and drills (some patients may experience a temporary pacing increase during dental drilling)
- Diagnostic radiation (screening X-rays and mammography)
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for certain mental disorders
- Pills swallowed for video endoscopy
- Laser surgery
- Pet emission tomography (PET scans)
- Bone density tests (X-rays, heel/hand ultrasounds)
- Sleep apnea devices
- Deep brain and spinal cord stimulator implantation
Carry Your Wallet ID Card
If you have an ICD or pacemaker, always carry your wallet ID card. This is vital for alerting emergency personnel to your device if you are incapacitated.
Always inform healthcare professionals, including dentists and imaging technicians, about your implanted device before any medical procedure. Additionally, inform occupational health personnel at your workplace about your ICD or pacemaker.
